The article is first appeared on The Hindu on November 9, 2024.
Donald Trump’s return to office in 2024, backed by a strong mandate and popular vote victory, marks a significant moment in U.S. politics. His re-election campaign centered around immigration reform, particularly against illegal immigration, raising expectations for major policy shifts. Indian families and students with study-abroad aspirations are closely watching these developments to assess potential impacts on educational pathways in the United States.
The U.S. has long held its position as a top global education destination, boasting high-quality institutions and substantial government support. In 2024, federal funding for universities was approximately $250 billion, underscoring a commitment to research and innovation. This backing sustains the country’s appeal for international students, including over 140,000 Indian students who entered on F-1 visas in 2023, marking India as the leading source of U.S. international students.
Key to the U.S. education system’s appeal is the Optional Practical Training (OPT) program, which provides international graduates with practical work experience after completing their studies. For STEM graduates, OPT extends up to three years, offering time to explore the U.S. job market and build experience, often leading to an H-1B work visa through an American employer. Annually, 65,000 H-1B visas are issued through a lottery, with an additional 20,000 reserved for graduates of U.S. master’s or Ph.D. programs. This visa provides a six-year stay, allowing students to gain industry experience and manage student loan obligations.
Trump’s stance has consistently highlighted the distinction between illegal and legal immigration. He has voiced support for a merit-based immigration model, like the RAISE Act, which emphasizes skills over random selection. His proposed approach focuses on admitting immigrants who contribute significantly to the U.S. economy, though previous attempts to pass this legislation faced opposition.
The administration’s policy direction will likely be influenced by Trump’s advisors, including figures like Elon Musk, who advocates for skilled immigration pathways, and prominent Indian-American voices like Vivek Ramaswamy. Their perspectives could shape the future of U.S. immigration by potentially supporting more structured pathways for skilled workers. As Trump moves forward, the approach to immigration reform will likely determine whether the U.S. continues to welcome skilled foreign students and professionals or shifts toward more restrictive policies.
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Reference: The Hindu